循环肿瘤细胞在乳腺癌预后评价中的应用和意义

循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)是导致肿瘤转移的主要原因,它在外周血中的含量与乳腺癌的转移、治疗和预后有密切的关系.本文对于CTCs的概念、检测方法、以及作为肿瘤转移预测指标的优势进行了综述.并对其在临床上的运用前景进行了展望.     

MTHFR基因C677T多态性与内蒙古汉族人群中冠心病的关系

目的:检测中国内蒙古汉族人群中MTHFR基因多态性与冠心病的关系.方法:研究组包括62例冠心病(coronary heartdisease,CHD)患者和120例正常对照人群,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)分析C677T型突变.结果:677T/T基因型在冠心病人群中更普遍,是正常人群的3.4倍.结论:在内蒙古汉族人群中,677T/T基因型增加了个体患冠心痛的风险性.     

Cpn0308基因真核载体构建及鉴定

目的:构建Cpn0308基因真核表达重组质粒,为肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae,Cpn)核酸疫苗的研制做准备。方法:用PCR技术从Cpn AR39株基因组DNA中扩增Cpn 0308基因,经双酶切、连接等反应,重组入pcDNA3.1/HisA真核表达载体,转化到感受态细胞,再经含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基筛选,酶切、PCR扩增及测序鉴定。结果:从Cpn AR39株基因组DNA中扩增出特异的Cpn 0308基因,约400bp;酶切、重组、转化、筛选鉴定出pcDNA3.1/HisA-Cpn0308重组质粒;序列测定证实与GenBank登录的肺炎衣原体Cpn AR39株Cpn0308基因一致。结论:功地构建了pcDNA3.1/HisA-Cpn0308重组质粒,为肺炎衣原体核酸疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

山茱萸不同栽培品种的 rDNA ITS 序列分析

为测定山茱萸（Cornus officinalis Sieb.et.Zucc.）核糖体DNA的ITS序列,对山茱萸不同栽培品种进行了ITS序列分析。通过实验筛选出一对引物,进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物提取纯化,双脱氧链终止法DNA测序。然后,利用DNAssist Version 2.0软件加手工校正确定ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列,并进行ITS序列分析。获得了山茱萸的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2完全序列,ITS1为253bp,5.8S为156bp,ITS2为273bp,总共682bp。7种果型的山茱萸其5.8S基因序列显示高度的一致性,圆柱形果型、长梨形果型、椭圆形果型和纺锤形果型的ITS区序列完全一致,短圆柱形果型在ITS1区3′端及ITS2区5′端各有1个变异位点;短梨形果型在ITS1区5′端有3个变异位点;长圆柱形果型在ITS1区有5个变异位点。结果表明,ITS序列在山茱萸种内比较保守,有的栽培品种之间有较小的差异,此研究为中药山茱萸分子鉴定提供了科学依据。     

沈阳城市绿地系统的景观生态评价

运用景观生态学原理和方法,选取多样性指数、均匀度指数、破碎度指数、分离度指数、分维度指数、连通性指数等8个景观格局指数对沈阳市城市绿地系统的景观格局进行分析。结果表明:沈阳城市绿地景观总体表现为绿地率较低,绿地斑块分布不均衡,景观结构不合理,破碎度较高,分维数较低,景观类型较齐全,均匀度较低,景观分离度较小。针对存在的问题,提出了沈阳城市绿地景观生态规划建议。     

中华秋沙鸭冬季生态习性的初步观察

2008年11～12月,在龙虎山国家级风景区对中华秋沙鸭的越冬生态进行了观察.包括居留情况、种群大小、性比、食性、栖息地、鸣叫、行为等.     

中华秋沙鸭冬季行为初步分析

2008年11～12月,在江西龙虎山国家级风景区对中华秋沙鸭的行为进行了初步观察.中华秋沙鸭各种行为之间存在较大差异,其中取食、游泳、休息和修整在日活动中所占的比重最大,高峰期分别发生在10:01～11:00、7:01～8:00、12:01～13:00和12:01～13:00,分别占全天行为总次数的38.41%、30.76%、12.67%和7.48%.     

Identification of new sources of aluminum resistance in wheat

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint for wheat production in acidic soils. An Al resistance gene on chromosome 4DL that traces to Brazilian wheat has been extensively studied, and can provide partial protection from Al damage. To identify potentially new sources of Al resistance, 590 wheat accessions, including elite wheat breeding lines from the United States and other American and European countries, landraces and commercial cultivars from East Asia, and synthetic wheat lines from CIMMYT, Mexico, were screened for Al resistance by measuring relative root elongation in culture with a nutrient solution containing Al, and by staining Al-stressed root tips with hematoxylin. Eighty-eight wheat accessions demonstrated at least moderate resistance to Al toxicity. Those selected lines were subjected to analysis of microsatellite markers linked to an Al resistance gene on 4DL and a gene marker for the Al-activated malate transporter (ALMT1) locus. Many of the selected Al-resistant accessions from East Asia did not have the Al-resistant marker alleles of ALMT1, although they showed Al resistance similar to the US Al-resistant cultivar, Atlas 66. Most of the cultivars derived from Jagger and Atlas 66 have the Al-resistant marker alleles of ALMT1. Cluster analysis separated the selected Al-resistant germplasm into two major clusters, labeled as Asian and American–European clusters. Potentially new germplasm of Al resistance different from those derived from Brazil were identified. Further investigation of Al resistance in those new germplasms may reveal alternative Al-resistance mechanisms in wheat. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Responsible Editor: Thomas B. Kinraide.     

Mold allergen, pen C 13, induces IL-8 expression in human airway epithelial cells by activating protease-activated receptor 1 and 2

Allergenic serine proteases are important in the pathogenesis of asthma. One of these, Pen c 13, is the immunodominant allergen produced by Penicillium citrinum. Many serine proteases induce cytokine expression, but whether Pen c 13 does so in human respiratory epithelial cells is not known. In this study, we investigated whether Pen c 13 caused IL-8 release and activated protease-activated receptors (PARs) in airway epithelial cells. In airway-derived A549 cells and normal human airway epithelial cells, Pen c 13 induced IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner. Pen c 13 also increased IL-8 release in a time-dependent manner in A549 cells. Pen c 13 cleaved PAR-1 and PAR-2 at their activation sites. Treatment with Pen c 13 induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and desensitized the cells to the action of other proteases and PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists. Moreover, Pen c 13-mediated IL-8 release was significantly decreased in Ca(2+)-free medium and was abolished by the protease inhibitors, PMSF and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride. Blocking Abs against the cleavage sites of PAR-1 and PAR-2, but not of PAR-4, inhibited Pen c 13-induced IL-8 production, as did inhibition of phospholipase C. Pen c 13 induced IL-8 expression via activation of ERK 1/2, and not of p38 and JNK. In addition, treatment of A549 cells or normal human airway epithelial cells with Pen c 13 increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 by a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway. These finding show that Pen c 13 induces IL-8 release in airway epithelial cells and that this is dependent on PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation and intracellular calcium.     

ERK/JNK在黄鳝雌、雄发育阶段生殖腺中的表达和定位

为探讨MAPK家族中ERK和JNK两个主要亚族在黄鳝雌、雄发育阶段生殖腺中的表达状况,应用蛋白质免疫印迹杂交技术和免疫组织化学法检测了ERK、JNK在黄鳝卵巢组织和精巢组织中的表达和定位。蛋白免疫印迹杂交显示:ERK在黄鳝雌、雄性腺组织中均有强的表达;JNK在性腺中的表达总体上弱于ERK,JNK1在精巢组织中的表达比卵巢组织显著降低,但JNK2在雌、雄性腺组织中的表达无明显差异。在免疫组织化学的观察中,ERK和JNK在卵原细胞和精原细胞中均为阳性反应,且定位相似:细胞质及细胞核核质呈阳性反应,核仁阴性。随着卵母细胞生长和成熟,ERK和JNK在卵母细胞胞质中阳性反应逐渐减弱。实验结果提示,ERK和JNK在黄鳝卵巢发育、凋亡退化以及雄性发育的启动过程中可能具有重要调控作用